NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGY AT GAS DISTRIBUTION STATIONS
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DESCRIPTION
Russia is the largest producer of natural gas in the world, extracting over 710 billion cubic meters annually. Around 500 billion cubic meters are consumed domestically, with the remaining portion transported through high-pressure pipelines (from 3.5 to 12 MPa). Pressure increase is necessary for effective gas transportation, as it becomes denser in a compressed state. In urban networks, gas must be at low pressure (no more than 1 MPa) to be used as fuel or raw material. Pressure reduction occurs at gas distribution stations, where the temperature drops by 35°C due to the Joule-Thomson effect. To prevent the gas from freezing, a heating technology is used, burning a small portion of the gas (about 1%). In Russia, approximately 5 billion cubic meters of fuel will be required for heating. The Joule-Thomson effect allows for low temperatures to be obtained by reducing gas pressure, reaching cryogenic temperatures for liquefying natural gas. This enables the avoidance of heating costs and the production of liquefied natural gas without additional energy expenditure. The output of liquefied natural gas can range from 3% to 20% of the supplied gas. Even with a minimal yield of 3%, using the throttling effect at all gas distribution stations in Russia could annually produce over 10 million tons of liquefied natural gas without additional energy costs, supplying liquefied natural gas to all regions of the country. The natural gas liquefaction technology at gas distribution stations eliminates the need for fuel gas to heat the flow before throttling and allows for the production of liquefied natural gas without additional energy expenditure.